Genetic mitochondrial glycine amidinotransferase protein aggregate formation triggers microparticle sensing and kidney failure

Deposition of crystals or crystalline particles in various organs leads to diverse medical disorders (1). Misfolded or aggregated proteins can form crystalline or non-crystalline microparticles that activate similar molecular pathways of inflammation and cell death, for example—Alzheimer’s disease (amyloid-β aggregates) (2), Parkinson’s disease (α-synuclein misfolding) (3), or in monoclonal immunoglobulin-associated renal diseases (4,5).