Clinical utility of novel biomarkers in acute myocardial infarction

Over the past decades, biomarkers of myocardial injury, particularly cardiac troponin (cTn), creatine kinase and its isoenzyme creatine kinase myocardial band, have been extremely valuable for the diagnosis and clinical decision making in patients with suspected acute coronary syndrome (ACS). These established markers of necrosis were recently complemented by numerous novel biomarkers reflecting causes and consequences of myocardial infarction (e.g., inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, or hemodynamic stress). Therefore, research efforts have been directed to determine the additional diagnostic and prognostic value of these novel biomarkers.