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Immune-checkpoint inhibitors in brain metastases from renal cell carcinoma: a battle was lost but not the war

   
@article{ATM28759,
	author = {Giuseppe Lombardi and Marco Maruzzo and Giuseppe Minniti and Marta Padovan and Mario Caccese and Vittorina Zagonel},
	title = {Immune-checkpoint inhibitors in brain metastases from renal cell carcinoma: a battle was lost but not the war},
	journal = {Annals of Translational Medicine},
	volume = {7},
	number = {Suppl 6},
	year = {2019},
	keywords = {},
	abstract = {Immune-checkpoint inhibitors have recently changed the landscape treatment for metastatic clear cell renal-cell carcinoma (ccRCC) since they showed to be effective in disease control and survival improving. In particular, the programmed death 1 (PD-1) checkpoint inhibitor nivolumab demonstrated efficacy in two phase 3 studies analyzing patients with both alone and in association with ipilimumab (1,2). However, patients with brain involvement were not enrolled and this clinical setting represents a treatment challenge for physicians.},
	issn = {2305-5847},	url = {https://atm.amegroups.org/article/view/28759}
}